Pyrenoid is a liquid non-membranous organelle in the chloroplast stroma of microalgae. Pyrenoids contain sequestrated Rubisco which is the CO2-fixing enzyme of photosynthesis. Concentration of Rubisco in pyrenoids is believed to increase photosynthesis efficiency (30498228, 31001862, 27166422,28938114).
Formation, Composition & dynamics (Assembly and disassembly)
Relation to human diseases
Proteome
References
Wunder T, Cheng SLH, Lai SK, Li HY, Mueller-Cajar O. The phase separation underlying the pyrenoid-based microalgal Rubisco supercharger. Nat Commun. 2018 Nov 29;9(1):5076. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-07624-w. PMID: 30498228; PMCID: PMC6265248.
Wunder T, Oh ZG, Mueller-Cajar O. CO2 -fixing liquid droplets: Towards a dissection of the microalgal pyrenoid. Traffic. 2019 Jun;20(6):380-389. doi: 10.1111/tra.12650. Epub 2019 May 8. PMID: 31001862.
Mackinder LC, Meyer MT, Mettler-Altmann T, Chen VK, Mitchell MC, Caspari O, Freeman Rosenzweig ES, Pallesen L, Reeves G, Itakura A, Roth R, Sommer F, Geimer S, Mühlhaus T, Schroda M, Goodenough U, Stitt M, Griffiths H, Jonikas MC. A repeat protein links Rubisco to form the eukaryotic carbon-concentrating organelle. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016 May 24;113(21):5958-63. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1522866113. Epub 2016 May 10. PMID: 27166422; PMCID: PMC4889370.
Freeman Rosenzweig ES, Xu B, Kuhn Cuellar L, Martinez-Sanchez A, Schaffer M, Strauss M, Cartwright HN, Ronceray P, Plitzko JM, Förster F, Wingreen NS, Engel BD, Mackinder LCM, Jonikas MC. The Eukaryotic CO2-Concentrating Organelle Is Liquid-like and Exhibits Dynamic Reorganization. Cell. 2017 Sep 21;171(1):148-162.e19. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.08.008. PMID: 28938114; PMCID: PMC5671343.